Killington Trenton Times article from 3/13...

Communicate with fellow Zoners

Moderators: SkiDork, spanky, Bubba

User avatar
RENO
Whipping Post
Posts: 7985
Joined: Nov 5th, '04, 08:14
Location: Ceti Alpha V

Killington Trenton Times article from 3/13...

Post by RENO »

Found this article that was in my local Trenton Times paper 3/13. I didn't see it. Interesting stuff. Quoted Tom Horrocks in the article. Most of the stuff we already know, but some interesting stuff like possibly moving the Fiddle chair and Okemo's season pass sales increased 30% partly because of what's happening at Killington...

http://blog.nj.com/skiing/2008/03/killi ... the_p.html
User avatar
RENO
Whipping Post
Posts: 7985
Joined: Nov 5th, '04, 08:14
Location: Ceti Alpha V

Post by RENO »

Some of the other resort articles on the left from the above article are interesting too...
XtremeJibber2001
Signature Poster
Posts: 20212
Joined: Nov 5th, '04, 09:35
Location: New York

Post by XtremeJibber2001 »

For those lazy SOB's from Jersey like myself who don't want to click the link.
Killington Column - hot of the press
Posted by Martin Griff March 13, 2008 8:29AM

Killington's new ownership eyes the future
Thursday, March 13, 2008
BY MARTIN GRIFF

The new owners of Killington Resort in central Vermont are turning down the volume and that could mean music to the ears of snowsliders looking for a quality mountain experience.

Others hear static, as Park City, Utah-based Powdr Corporation makes changes at the resort it bought last year from the American Skiing Company (ASC), a one time major player in the ski world.

ASC was all about volume; it owned a collection of big resorts, including Mount Snow, Pico and Sugarbush in Vermont, Attitash in New Hampshire, Sugarloaf and Sunday River in Maine, Steamboat in Colorado, the Canyons in Utah and Heavenly on the California/ Nevada border.

ASC bought and expanded resorts at a pace above its financial means, and leveraged itself out of business. All its resorts have been bought by other companies.

Killington is the largest ski resort on the East Coast. Its communications manager, Tom Horrocks, started at the mountain under ASC and was kept on by Powdr. I skied with him last week on the mountain ASC once nicknamed "The Beast of the East," and we reminisced about how Killington was known for its discounted lift tickets and season passes. Skiers had their own name for the place: "Kmart."

Those days are over, Horrocks explained. Killington had so much debt that management had to hold season pass sales just to raise enough money to turn on the lifts and snowmaking equipment. "It was all about volume; they tried to raise money by putting as many people on the mountain as possible. But people weren't having a good experience because of the crowding."

Powdr is debt-free and doesn't have to sell tickets at a deep discount to raise operating funds. "Our goal is to have the price reflect the value of the product we provide. People are going to pay a fair price to get on the mountain, but they are going to have a much more enjoyable experience," Horrocks said.

Not all are happy with the new Killington. Lifetime ASC season ticket holders protested when Powdr announced that it would not honor the tickets, and ski clubs are upset that Killington put an end to the practice of selling them deeply discounted tickets.

Killington used to take pride in being the first to open and the last to close in the Northeast. Now they let their former partners in Maine duke it out for bragging rights.

"It never made business sense to blow snow on the mountain in October and then watch it melt away, or to build up huge mounds of snow to stay open in May or June, when so few people would be on the mountain. We'll open when it makes the most sense from a weather standpoint, especially with energy costs what they are today," Horrocks said, adding that "Killington is now being run as a responsible business, which is key to its long-term survival."

Local residents, businesses and the other resorts are watching and wondering how Killington's new business plan will play out.
Martin Griff / The TimesThere is still plenty of snow in Vermont. Snowbanks reached as high as the sign for Charitiy's on the Killington Access Road last week.

Twenty miles down the road, at Okemo Mountain Resort, spokeswoman Bonnie MacPherson said her resort has seen a 30 percent overall increase in season ticket sales and a 300 percent increase in sales of college student season passes this season. "We can't say all the guests came from Killington, but we survey the license plates in our parking lots twice a week and we are finding a lot more cars from New York and New Jersey; that's [Killington's] market, while our market is more from Massachusetts and Connecticut."

Horrocks said some of the local businesses expressed concern that Killington is not bringing in the volume that it once did. "We explain to them that rather than bringing in guests who end up having a bad experience on a crowded mountain and may not return, we're trying to build up the experience so that those who come will return as loyal customers."

Killington will be enhancing the on-mountain experience with a realignment of some trails and lifts. Preston Smith, Killington's founder, believed that all levels of skiers should be able to ski down from all six of Killington's peaks. That led to a web of crossover trails and a dangerous mix of novices and advanced skiers and riders on the same terrain. Horrocks said that the resort will be taking out some of those crossovers to make for a better and safer experience for everyone: "We'll still provide ways down but with trails redesigned to eliminate mixing and congestion." The trail changes will be announced next week, Horrocks said.

Lifts may also be moved or added for better traffic flow. "ASC would only spend money if they could see an immediate payback. Powdr is able to spend money with an eye on the future," Horrocks said
Martin Griff / The TimesThe little used Devil's Fiddle chair (I've only seen in operation twice in the 20 years I've been going to Killington) may be moved to a new location, as Killington management makes moves to improve traffic flow at the resort.

Powdr bought Killington along with SP Land Company, which will do real estate development at the resort. With news of Killington's sale came hope to many locals of an infusion of investment money so that plans for a long-talked-about village at the base of the mountain could move ahead. Horrocks said that last month the village plans were pulled from the Killington Town Planning Commission because the town needed more time to figure out its long-term growth strategy and how the resort village would fit into it.

Speaking of real estate, Times sports editor Jim Gauger is eyeing this spot for basketball, golf and baseball news, so I'm done in newsprint for the season. A tip of the ski helmet to Times letters editor Diana Groden for her editing expertise. I'll be blogging about snowsports year round at nj.com. The direct route to the blog is http://blog.nj.com/skiing/ In addition to regular ramblings about skiing and snowboarding, I'm posting extra column-related information that isn't in the newspaper. Read more about Killington on the blog.

Contact Times snowsport columnist and nj.com blogger Martin Griff at mgriff@njtimes.com.

© 2008 The Times of Trenton

EXCLUSIVE TO THE BLOG . .
If you're heading to Killington as an escape for the high taxes in New Jersey, beware . . . earlier this month the town of Killington passed a 1 percent local options tax on meals, alcohol, retail sales and lodging. While in New Jersey much of the taxing and spending is done by politicians against the will of the people, this new options tax was approved by a vote of the town's residents.

Of course, mountain tourists will pay the brunt of those taxes so Garden Staters visitors can look forward to taxation without representation when the collecting starts in October.

About a third of this tax will go to the state and the remaining two thirds is supposed to be used fund an Economic development agency.

Killington management was against the tax (taxation without representation for them too) and offered at $250,000 donation, along with future donations if a percentage of other business agreed to match the additional payments, but the townspeople did not go for that plan (one local told me it was nothing more than a bribe).

A BLAST FROM THE PAST . .

Here's a column I wrote about the Killington sale back on February 22, 2007

Killington changing hands
BY MARTIN GRIFF

Big news in the snowsport world this week. On Tuesday, the American Skiing Company (ASC) announced that it reached an agreement to sell its Killington and Pico resorts, located in central Vermont, for $83.5 million.

Once owning 10 resorts, ASC was a major player in the ski world. Because of financial troubles, they sold, or are in the process of selling, some of their big-name resorts. Heavenly Resort in Lake Tahoe went in 2002 and ASC announced the sale of Steamboat in Colorado last December. Early this month, they announced adios to Mount Snow in southern Vermont and Attitash in northern New Hampshire. All that is left of the empire is Sugarloaf/USA and Sunday River, both in Maine, and the Canyons Resort in Utah.

For East Coast snow lovers, the sale of Killington is a real eye opener.

Killington once branded itself the "Beast of the East," and for good reason. In comparison with other eastern resorts, the place is huge -- no comparison.

How are these for stats: six mountains (plus nearby Pico makes seven), a 3,050-foot vertical drop (largest in New England), 200 trails (OK, a few may be too short for purists to call trails, but it balances out with the 6.6-mile Juggernaut trail), 57 miles of snowmaking (87 miles of trails total), 1,435 snow guns (including 600 tower guns), 33 lifts (including 2 high-speed, heated express gondolas), five terrain parks, a 21-vehicle grooming fleet, five base lodges (not so cool when skier and auto end their day in lodges 11 miles away from each other), and a five-mile access road bursting with restaurants, bars, shops and lodging.

The tale of ASC's rise and fall could fill a college business textbook -- the business element of the Killington and Pico sale is quite complex and best left to business scribes to explain, but the simple story goes like this: SP Land Company, LLC, a real estate holding firm that was once involved in restructuring ASC's debt, is buying the land while POWDR Corp., which owns several resorts including Park City in Utah and Mount Bachelor in Oregon, is buying the skiing operation.

For what this all means to the snowsliders in New Jersey, I called Karen Lorentz, who wrote the book on Killington . . . literally. No joke -- she penned "Killington, A Story of Mountains and Men."

The author lives six miles from the mountain and can keep an eye on it from her kitchen window. She also works with her husband John, an attorney whose specialty since the 1970s has been Killington-area real estate closings.

Lorentz said she is thrilled with the news of the sale and hopes that it means an infusion of investment money so that a long-talked-about village at the base of the mountain will now go forward. She is also hopeful that the dream of connecting Killington and Pico mountains will become a reality.

"These things will not happen overnight because of Act 250, a Vermont state environmental land-use law," Lorentz cautioned. "The state is very stringent as to what they allow ski areas to do and the permitting process can take a long time."

What can happen overnight when a financially struggling resort is bailed out is real estate speculation. A good example is Crested Butte, Colo. When the Mueller family, owners of Okemo Mountain Resort, 20 miles south of Killington, bought Crested Butte Resort in 2004, the prices of existing homes in the area went sky-high.

Lorentz said she did not think that would be the case at Killington, because people who are willing to spend big money on real estate are waiting to buy slopeside if and when the village at the base becomes a reality. Many of those people now own property in the Killington region and would put those properties up for sale after they bought in the village.

ASC announced that the proposed sales of the resorts will not have an effect on any current season passes, vouchers or advance purchase ticket products for the remainder of the 2006-2007 winter season. Multi-resort products such as All-For-One and Ski America passes will continue to be valid at all ASC resorts where they previously have been honored through the end of the 2006-2007 winter season. Gift cards, Value cards and Edge cards will continue to be valid in accordance with the terms of those specific programs.
Bart
Beginner On Rentals
Posts: 40
Joined: Jul 25th, '07, 20:16

Post by Bart »

thanks for the link,

I don't understand the town-guys comment that pwders offer is akin to a "bribe"

explain to me how the town...in an effort to make Killington a four-season resort...institiutes a tax that can be perceived as anti-business (or is anti-competitive)...i.e. a tax on business to stimulate business ?

knowing that 33cents of every dollar goes to the state ?

knowing that if an outside interest pours millions of dollars into the development of Killington...this will far surpass any business stimulus provided by the tax ...development of the base village will create enormous economic activity and business opportunity in the region..

Does the town have a chamber of commerce ?

Is there precedence for a town government running a performing arts center and getting into the tourist business ...

I live in a beach town...the state and town run pavillions and collect parking/beach fees...they also run concerts and performing arts events w/ direct cash "donations" from local business (the latter is the arrangement that would be afforded by powdrs 250K offer ?)
Bubba
Site Admin
Posts: 26953
Joined: Nov 5th, '04, 08:42
Location: Where the climate suits my clothes

Post by Bubba »

Bart wrote:thanks for the link,

I don't understand the town-guys comment that pwders offer is akin to a "bribe"

explain to me how the town...in an effort to make Killington a four-season resort...institiutes a tax that can be perceived as anti-business (or is anti-competitive)...i.e. a tax on business to stimulate business ?

knowing that 33cents of every dollar goes to the state ?

knowing that if an outside interest pours millions of dollars into the development of Killington...this will far surpass any business stimulus provided by the tax ...development of the base village will create enormous economic activity and business opportunity in the region..

Does the town have a chamber of commerce ?

Is there precedence for a town government running a performing arts center and getting into the tourist business ...

I live in a beach town...the state and town run pavillions and collect parking/beach fees...they also run concerts and performing arts events w/ direct cash "donations" from local business (the latter is the arrangement that would be afforded by powdrs 250K offer ?)
Lots of precedent for town involvement in economic development in Vermont and elsewhere.

As for Powdr's offer, it had so many variables and was so impractical in its application, and came at the last minute after having had the opportunity make such an offer for months before, and came after Chris Nyberg told Norm Holcomb of the Selectboard that no offer would be forthcoming (in early February) that it was viewed plain and simple as a way to confuse the issue and discourage the community from voting in favor of the tax. The Selectboard and several business leaders attempted still to clarify and negotiate with the resort right up until the end of the week prior to the vote and Cumming shot down/overruled any potential deal. Powdr's actions actually encouraged many on the fence to vote in favor of the tax as a result.

There was plenty of discussion of this subject in early March and the article above was also posted here somewhere. We probably don't need to rehash the whole debate (I know - that's unheard of here on KZone) so maybe just go back and search out the subject of the 1% Option Tax.
"Abandon hope all ye who enter here"

Killington Zone
You can checkout any time you like,
but you can never leave

"The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function" =
F. Scott Fitzgerald

"There's nothing more frightening than ignorance in action" - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Bart
Beginner On Rentals
Posts: 40
Joined: Jul 25th, '07, 20:16

Post by Bart »

sorry for bringing up settled matters...

i looked over holcomb's post...even if that were all true (and I know there are two sides to every story, personally I think holcomb's plea was a little too impassioned and a little unethical to be completely believable,...I would not work w/ this guy again, or at least I would have lost all trust ?)

I still do not understand the rationale of the options tax at this moment in time ,

also, I understand the issue of economic development in resort economies, this is a bit different, this was the town going it alone to build a performing arts center ?

This issue should never have come to a head in the new ownerships first year

in my view this turned into a pissing match (for the town IMHO) and resulted in a lose/lose outcome, and ultimately a bad business decision (for most businesses in the town),

I'm willing to cut some slack w/powdr in their first year here in what must be to some extent a joint venture ? (wherein decision-making is f'ed up)

powdr is consistently portrayed as a villian , but they have communicated suffciently for me, done what they said they were aiming to do, shown some give on points (not enough to please everyone)
Highway Star
Level 10K poster
Posts: 12009
Joined: Feb 7th, '05, 16:16

Post by Highway Star »

Bart wrote:sorry for bringing up settled matters...

i looked over holcomb's post...even if that were all true (and I know there are two sides to every story, personally I think holcomb's plea was a little too impassioned and a little unethical to be completely believable,...I would not work w/ this guy again, or at least I would have lost all trust ?)

I still do not understand the rationale of the options tax at this moment in time ,

also, I understand the issue of economic development in resort economies, this is a bit different, this was the town going it alone to build a performing arts center ?

This issue should never have come to a head in the new ownerships first year

in my view this turned into a pissing match (for the town IMHO) and resulted in a lose/lose outcome, and ultimately a bad business decision (for most businesses in the town),

I'm willing to cut some slack w/powdr in their first year here in what must be to some extent a joint venture ? (wherein decision-making is f'ed up)

powdr is consistently portrayed as a villian , but they have communicated suffciently for me, done what they said they were aiming to do, shown some give on points (not enough to please everyone)
Obviously someone is living in a cave here....

Cut them too much slack, and they'll hang us with it.... :?
"I'M YELLING BECAUSE YOU DID SOMETHING COOL!" - Humpty Dumpty

"Kzone should bill you for the bandwidth you waste writing novels to try and prove a point, but end up just looking like a deranged narcissistic fool." - Deadheadskier at madhatter

"The key is to not be lame, and know it, and not give a rat's @$$ what anybody thinks......that's real cool." - Highway Star http://goo.gl/xJxo34" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;

"I am one of the coolest people on the internet..." - Highway Star

"I have a tiny penis...." - C-Rex

XtremeJibber2001 - THE MAIN STREAM MEDIA HAS YOU COMPLETELY HYPNOTIZED. PLEASE WAKE UP AND LEARN HOW TO FILTER REALITY FROM BS NARRATIVES.

"Your life is only interesting when you capture the best, fakest, most curated split second version." - Team Robot regarding Instagram posters
User avatar
RENO
Whipping Post
Posts: 7985
Joined: Nov 5th, '04, 08:14
Location: Ceti Alpha V

Post by RENO »

Town didn't get what they wanted.
POWDR didn't get what they wanted.
OK then, let's penalize the customers with a 1% tax...
YAY!
Stupid... :?
POWDR comes back and raises season pass prices and the 1% is covered. No impact to them...
Bubba
Site Admin
Posts: 26953
Joined: Nov 5th, '04, 08:42
Location: Where the climate suits my clothes

Post by Bubba »

Bart wrote:sorry for bringing up settled matters...

i looked over holcomb's post...even if that were all true (and I know there are two sides to every story, personally I think holcomb's plea was a little too impassioned and a little unethical to be completely believable,...I would not work w/ this guy again, or at least I would have lost all trust ?)

I still do not understand the rationale of the options tax at this moment in time ,

also, I understand the issue of economic development in resort economies, this is a bit different, this was the town going it alone to build a performing arts center ?

This issue should never have come to a head in the new ownerships first year

in my view this turned into a pissing match (for the town IMHO) and resulted in a lose/lose outcome, and ultimately a bad business decision (for most businesses in the town),

I'm willing to cut some slack w/powdr in their first year here in what must be to some extent a joint venture ? (wherein decision-making is f'ed up)

powdr is consistently portrayed as a villian , but they have communicated suffciently for me, done what they said they were aiming to do, shown some give on points (not enough to please everyone)
This issue has been in the works for over a year, prior to Powdr's arrival. They were well aware of the issue, ignored it, then tried to bulldoze their way through - another example of not understanding or not caring about the community in which they bought and operate. There's also been an SP Land representative here for gong on 4 years who seems so removed (in some ways) from the town in which he wants to build that it's almost unbelievable. Norm's post (which, by the way, was true) speaks to the frustration of dealing with these guys. Norm spoke at the Town Meeting and said much of what he posted. Chris Nyberg spoke as well and did not, in any way, deny or refute any of what Norm said.

I can understand you not believing, or at least stating there are two sides but how can you say it was unethical? That's a pretty strong (and personal) attack on an elected official.

As for how the tax will be used...the performing arts center is out there in time as a potential goal. The money will be used, however, to fund economic development, summer and fall activities, marketing, seed money for matching grants, etc. and will be limited strictly to the purpose of economic development and accounted for separately from other town revenues and expenditures. In order to use the money for any other purpose, the Selectboard will have to bring it back to the town for a full vote.
"Abandon hope all ye who enter here"

Killington Zone
You can checkout any time you like,
but you can never leave

"The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function" =
F. Scott Fitzgerald

"There's nothing more frightening than ignorance in action" - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Bart
Beginner On Rentals
Posts: 40
Joined: Jul 25th, '07, 20:16

Post by Bart »

i'm at work and its Friday...so yeah, it feel's a little cave like, and i'm not too inspired so bear w/ me

doesn't matter how you cut it or who pays...this type of tax is anti-competitive, I'm no republican but I especially do not like these types of taxes....complete f'ing bs,

no one has made a good argument as to why powder sucks so much, it seems like a monster stroke-fest...who can hammer powder the most ?

They are making a significant investment in the mountain...they have been cut no slack ?

they are closing earlier than in the past (this is not a surprise, they said they would do this)...the place is a ghost town in late April...all the locals go on vacation...give me a break...you're not going to break even w/ 50 skiers on superstar...I suspect many businesses are happy they don't have to make a decision around whether to stay open or not...

if their really not allowing hiking, however, that would be morally wrong...especially on Pico !
Bart
Beginner On Rentals
Posts: 40
Joined: Jul 25th, '07, 20:16

Post by Bart »

Bubba...he's an elected official !!!
look at holcomb's post...some of that stuff he related on this board about his opinion's and assertions should have been off limits.....there was really no point...

he will have to deal w/ these guys again, right

would you want to work with this guy...there is no way, he's supposed to be representing killington's interests ?

do you think the owners want to work w/ holcomb or people like him ?
Bubba
Site Admin
Posts: 26953
Joined: Nov 5th, '04, 08:42
Location: Where the climate suits my clothes

Post by Bubba »

Bart wrote:Bubba...he's an elected official !!!
look at holcomb's post...some of that stuff he related on this board about his opinion's and assertions should have been off limits.....there was really no point...

he will have to deal w/ these guys again, right

would you want to work with this guy...there is no way, he's supposed to be representing killington's interests ?

do you think the owners want to work w/ holcomb or people like him ?
Umm...since when is an elected official voicing an opinion unethical?

As for representing the town's interests, he was (in concert with several business leaders) attempting to negotiate a middle ground with the local ski area management. Only after Cumming (from Utah) shot down any compromise did Norm comment publicly. Norm stated the same things at the Town Meeting - no comments from Nyberg stating a different side or a different interpretation of those facts.
"Abandon hope all ye who enter here"

Killington Zone
You can checkout any time you like,
but you can never leave

"The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function" =
F. Scott Fitzgerald

"There's nothing more frightening than ignorance in action" - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
johnny the jibber
Level 10K poster
Posts: 11170
Joined: Oct 23rd, '05, 21:08
Location: where the figawi?

Post by johnny the jibber »

i think its difficult for people that dont live here to fully understand what is going on concerning powdrs' relationship with town, the 1% tax and so on. i understand where people are coming from, but not many know what is going on, and see how powdr has screwed the town on a daily basis...

this is the slowest april ive seen since i moved here, i rememeber riding april 19th about 6 years ago and this place was busy. now, not so much. where have all the people gone...
Last edited by johnny the jibber on Apr 11th, '08, 13:24, edited 1 time in total.
Coydog
Guru Poster
Posts: 5966
Joined: Nov 5th, '04, 12:23

Post by Coydog »

Bart wrote: no one has made a good argument as to why powder sucks so much, it seems like a monster stroke-fest...who can hammer powder the most ?
Revoked bond passes, huge price increases in children’s programs, officially eliminated early season earn your turns, closed down Pico and the Skyship midweek, reduced services at KBL and Bear, season shortened by almost two months (opened late and closing early) while season pass prices increased by a significant amount.

Mountain operations were generally no better or worse than previous seasons.

To me, these are pretty good arguments as why, as a Powdr customer, I’m a bit disappointed. The price increased but the value decreased – not the ratio I’m looking for.

The only significant positive change I experienced as a customer was the noticeable lack of crowds during the weekend and holiday periods. Oh, and the coffee was pretty good.

This is not whining or a gratuitous attack, just real experiences that formed my perceptions.
Bart wrote: They are making a significant investment in the mountain...they have been cut no slack ?
Both SKI Ltd and ASC made significant investments in the mountain. As a customer, why should I expect anything less, particularly since the competition continues to invest in their products?
Bubba
Site Admin
Posts: 26953
Joined: Nov 5th, '04, 08:42
Location: Where the climate suits my clothes

Post by Bubba »

Coydog wrote:
Bart wrote: no one has made a good argument as to why powder sucks so much, it seems like a monster stroke-fest...who can hammer powder the most ?
Revoked bond passes, huge price increases in children’s programs, officially eliminated early season earn your turns, closed down Pico and the Skyship midweek, reduced services at KBL and Bear, season shortened by almost two months (opened late and closing early) while season pass prices increased by a significant amount.

Mountain operations were generally no better or worse than previous seasons.

To me, these are pretty good arguments as why, as a Powdr customer, I’m a bit disappointed. The price increased but the value decreased – not the ratio I’m looking for.

The only significant positive change I experienced as a customer was the noticeable lack of crowds during the weekend and holiday periods. Oh, and the coffee was pretty good.

This is not whining or a gratuitous attack, just real experiences that formed my perceptions.
Bart wrote: They are making a significant investment in the mountain...they have been cut no slack ?
Both SKI Ltd and ASC made significant investments in the mountain. As a customer, why should I expect anything less, particularly since the competition continues to invest in their products?
Actually, I don't think they suck so much. I DO think, however, that their attitude and their approach, their seeming ignorance and arrogance, makes the town and core Killington skiers want to reach out and slap them a few times a day. :wink:
"Abandon hope all ye who enter here"

Killington Zone
You can checkout any time you like,
but you can never leave

"The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function" =
F. Scott Fitzgerald

"There's nothing more frightening than ignorance in action" - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Post Reply